Advances in colonic manometry in adults with colonic motility disorders / 中华胃肠外科杂志

In recent years, colonic manometry has been gradually introduced into clinical practice. It helps clinicians to gain a better understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of colonic contractile activity in healthy adults and patients with colonic dysfunction. More and more patterns of colonic motility are being discovered with the help of colonic manometry. However, the clinical significance of these findings still needs to be further investigated. This review enhances our understanding of colonic motility and the current state of development and application of colonic manometry, as well as the limitations, future directions and potential of the technique in assessing the impact of treatment on colonic motility patterns, by analyzing and summarizing the literature related to colonic manometry.

Molecular features of 109 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in a single center / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To explore the molecular features of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) . Methods: According to 2022 World Health Organization (WHO 2022) classification, 113 CMML patients and 840 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients from March 2016 to October 2021 were reclassified, and the clinical and molecular features of CMML patients were analyzed. Results: Among 113 CMML patients, 23 (20.4%) were re-diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including 18 AML with NPM1 mutation, 3 AML with KMT2A rearrangement, and 2 AML with MECOM rearrangement. The remaining 90 patients met the WHO 2022 CMML criteria. In addition, 19 of 840 (2.3%) MDS patients met the WHO 2022 CMML criteria. At least one gene mutation was detected in 99% of CMML patients, and the median number of mutations was 4. The genes with mutation frequency ≥ 10% were: ASXL1 (48%), NRAS (34%), RUNX1 (33%), TET2 (28%), U2AF1 (23%), SRSF2 (21.1%), SETBP1 (20%), KRAS (17%), CBL (15.6%) and DNMT3A (11%). Paired analysis showed that SRSF2 was frequently co-mutated with ASXL1 (OR=4.129, 95% CI 1.481-11.510, Q=0.007) and TET2 (OR=5.276, 95% CI 1.979-14.065, Q=0.001). SRSF2 and TET2 frequently occurred in elderly (≥60 years) patients with myeloproliferative CMML (MP-CMML). U2AF1 mutations were often mutually exclusive with TET2 (OR=0.174, 95% CI 0.038-0.791, Q=0.024), and were common in younger (<60 years) patients with myelodysplastic CMML (MD-CMML). Compared with patients with absolute monocyte count (AMoC) ≥1×10(9)/L and <1×10(9)/L, the former had a higher median age of onset (60 years old vs 47 years old, P<0.001), white blood cell count (15.9×10(9)/L vs 4.4×10(9)/L, P<0.001), proportion of monocytes (21.5% vs 15%, P=0.001), and hemoglobin level (86 g/L vs 74 g/L, P=0.014). TET2 mutations (P=0.021) and SRSF2 mutations (P=0.011) were more common in patients with AMoC≥1×10(9)/L, whereas U2AF1 mutations (P<0.001) were more common in patients with AMoC<1×10(9)/L. There was no significant difference in the frequency of other gene mutations between the two groups. Conclusion: According to WHO 2022 classification, nearly 20% of CMML patients had AMoC<1×10(9)/L at the time of diagnosis, and MD-CMML and MP-CMML had different molecular features.

Utility of GPR68 and TIL in TPF-induced chemotherapy and prognosis evaluation in middle-advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the roles of G Protein-Coupled Receptor 68 (GPR68) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in TPF-(paclitaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil) induced chemotherapy for middle-advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Methods: A total of 31 patients with middle-advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma before TPF-inducted chemotherapy were enrolled from September 2012 to November 2017 in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, including 28 males and 3 females, aged 43 to 71 years old. The expression of GPR68 and tumor infiltrating CD4+and CD8+T cells before chemotherapy was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the relationships between GPR68 expression and clinical features, chemotherapy efficacy and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using t-test. Results: After 3 cycles of chemotherapy, there were 4, 14, 10 and 3 patients respectively with complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD). The positive rates of GPR68 and CD8 were 25% and 40% respectively in the effective group (CR+PR), while 50% and 15% in the ineffective group (SD+PD), with statistically significant differences between two groups (t=5.17 and 12.86,P<0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that GPR68 was negatively correlated with CD8+T cells (r=-0.64,P<0.001). There was no significant correlation between the CD4 expression and TPF efficacy (P>0.05). The mean OS was 12.5 months in patients with high-expressed GPR68 and 25.0 months in patients with low-expressed GPR68, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.005). And mean OS was 25.0 months in patients with high-expressed CD8 and 14.5 months in low-expressed CD8, with a statistically significant difference (HR=2.58, P=0.019). Cox regression analysis showed that GPR68 and CD8+T cells were significant prognostic factors (OR(95%CI)=3.27(2.46-5.97) and 1.53(0.78-1.82), all P<0.05), while CD4 had no significant effect on prognosis (P>0.05). Conclusion: GPR68 and CD8+T cells are expected to be biomarkers for evaluating the efficacy and prognosis of TPF-induced chemotherapy in patients with middle-advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Diaporthe taoicola and D. siamensis, Two New Records on Citrus sinensisin China

Two Diaporthe species isolated from fruit of Citrus sinensis in China were characterized based on morphology and multilocus phylogeny of ITS, tef1, and tub2 gene sequences. The phylogeny indicated that the two species match Diaporthe taoicola and D. siamensis. A critical examination of phenotypic characteristics confirmed the phylogenetic results. Diaporthe taoicola was morphologically characterized by producing Alpha conidia with tapering toward both ends. Meanwhile, D. siamensis produced cylindrical or ellipsoidal Alpha conidia with two oil drops. Pathogenicity tests revealed that both species were pathogenic to fruit of C. sinensis. To our knowledge, the two species were firstly reported on Citrus sinensis in China.

Diaporthe taoicola and D. siamensis, Two New Records on Citrus sinensisin China

Two Diaporthe species isolated from fruit of Citrus sinensis in China were characterized based on morphology and multilocus phylogeny of ITS, tef1, and tub2 gene sequences. The phylogeny indicated that the two species match Diaporthe taoicola and D. siamensis. A critical examination of phenotypic characteristics confirmed the phylogenetic results. Diaporthe taoicola was morphologically characterized by producing Alpha conidia with tapering toward both ends. Meanwhile, D. siamensis produced cylindrical or ellipsoidal Alpha conidia with two oil drops. Pathogenicity tests revealed that both species were pathogenic to fruit of C. sinensis. To our knowledge, the two species were firstly reported on Citrus sinensis in China.

Expression profiling and functional verification of flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene from leaves of Euryale ferox / 中国中药杂志

Leaves of Euryale ferox are rich in anthocyanins. Anthocyanin synthesis is one of the important branches of the flavonoid synthesis pathway, in which flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase(F3'H) can participate in the formation of important intermediate products of anthocyanin synthesis. According to the data of E. ferox transcriptome, F3'H cDNA sequence was cloned in the leaves of E. ferox and named as EfF3'H. The correlation between EfF3'H gene expression and synthesis of flavonoids was analyzed by a series of bioinforma-tics tools and qRT-PCR. Moreover, the biological function of EfF3'H was verified by the heterologous expression in yeast. Our results showed that EfF3'H comprised a 1 566 bp open reading frame which encoded a hydrophilic transmembrane protein composed of 521 amino acid residues. It was predicted to be located in the plasma membrane. Combined with predictive analysis of conserved domains, this protein belongs to the cytochrome P450(CYP450) superfamily. The qRT-PCR results revealed that the expression level of EfF3'H was significantly different among different cultivars and was highly correlated with the content of related flavonoids in the leaves. Eukaryotic expression studies showed that EfF3'H protein had the biological activity of converting kaempferol to quercetin. In this study, EfF3'H cDNA was cloned from the leaves of E. ferox for the first time, and the biological function of the protein was verified. It provi-ded a scientific basis for further utilizing the leaves of E. ferox and laid a foundation for the further analysis of the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids in medicinal plants.

Research progress on rutin derivatives / 中国中药杂志

Compounds derived from natural products present satisfactory efficacy in disease prevention and treatment. The use of chemical substances in plants to promote healthhas increasingly attracted people's attention. Rutin, a typical flavonoid, is mainly found in various vegetables, fruits and Chinese herbal medicines. As a natural antioxidant, it features many pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-tumor, and prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the low bioavailability and poor water solubility limit its clinical application. In view of this, its structure is optimized and modified to afford rutin derivatives with good solubility, high bioavailability, stable metabolism and small toxic side effects. So far, a large number of rutin ethers, esters, and complexes have been synthesized and undergone activity testing. This paper reviews the structural modification of rutin in recent years, and the obtained derivatives have excellent properties and significant biological activity.

Yishen Tonglong Decoction inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and Ras/ERK signaling pathway in human prostate cancer DU-145 cells / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To observe the effect of Yishen Tonglong Decoction (YTD) on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Ras/ERK signaling pathway in human PCa DU-145 cells and explore its action mechanism.@*METHODS@#We treated human PCa DU-145 cells with normal plasma (the blank control) or plasma containing 5% (low-dose), 10% (medium-dose) and 15% (high-dose) YTD. After intervention, we examined the proliferation of the DU-145 cells in different groups with CCK-8 and their apoptosis by Annexin V/PI double staining. We detected the cell cycle by PI assay, the invasion and migration of the cells using the Transwell chamber and scratch test, and the expressions of the proteins and genes related to the EMT and Ras/ERK signaling pathways in the cells by Western blot and RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the blank control group, high-, medium- and low-dose YTD significantly inhibited the proliferation of the PCa DU-145 cells, decreased their adherence and growth (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), promoted their apoptosis (P < 0.01), regulated their cell cycles (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and reduced their in vitro invasion and migration abilities (P < 0.05), all in a dose-dependent manner. The results of Western blot and RT-PCR revealed down-regulated protein and mRNA expressions of N-cadherin, zinc finger transcription factor (Snail), Ras, p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2, but up-regulated protein and mRNA expressions of E-cadherin in the PCa DU-145 cells treated with YTD (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Yishen Tonglong Decoction can effectively inhibit the proliferation, promote the apoptosis, regulate the cell cycle and suppress the invasion and migration abilities and EMT process of human PCa DU-145 cells. The mechanism of Yishen Tonglong Decoction acting on PCa may be associated with its inhibitory effect on the EMT process and expression of the Ras/ERK signaling pathway in PCa cells./.

Gene Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Limonene-3-hydroxylase from Schizonepeta tenuifolia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:This paper aims to clone the cDNA sequence of<italic> limonene</italic>-3-<italic>hydroxylase</italic>（<italic>StL</italic>3<italic>OH</italic>） in <italic>Schizonepeta tenuifolia</italic> and analyze its sequence by bioinformatics. Method:Specific primers were designed based on sequences of<italic> StL</italic>3<italic>OH </italic>gene screened from transcriptome sequencing data of <italic>S. tenuifolia</italic> and the cDNA sequence of <italic>StL</italic>3<italic>OH </italic>gene was cloned by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and analyzed for its bioinformatics. Result:The <italic>StL3OH</italic> gene cDNA sequence length was 1 598 bp，containing a 1 497 bp long complete open reading frame which encoded 498 amino acids. StL3OH protein had a theoretical relative molecular mass of 56.40 kDa，with a hydrophilic and unstable nature. Bioinformatics analysis showed that StL3OH protein had no signal peptide but had a transmembrane domain which might be located in endoplasmic reticulum. Multiple sequence alignment and cluster analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of MsL3OH protein had a high similarity with StL3OH protein，both of which contained cytochrome P450 heme binding region，belonging to the D subfamily of cytochrome CYP71 family. Codon bias analysis showed that <italic>StL</italic>3<italic>OH</italic> gene preferred guanine/cytosine（G/C） ending codon，with 27 skewed codons， and Nicotiana benthamiana was proven to be the most suitable host for exogenous expression of <italic>StL</italic>3<italic>OH</italic> gene. Conclusion:The cDNA sequence of<italic> StL3OH</italic> gene was cloned from <italic>S. tenuifolia</italic> for the first time，which will provide a basis for further study on the structure and function of StL3OH protein and the regulation mechanism of <italic>StL3OH </italic>gene in the accumulation and biosynthesis of monoterpenes in<italic> S. tenuifolia</italic>.

Research Progress on Animal Models of Menopausal Syndrome： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In order to explore the pathological mechanism of perimenopausal syndrome and seek prevention and treatment measures， it is necessary to establish animal models that similar to human perimenopausal syndrome， so as to provide reference for drug research， new drug development and clinical application. In this paper， the keywords of "perimenopausal period" "perimenopausal syndrome" "menopause" "menopausal syndrome""menopausal period" "menopausal syndrome" and "animal" were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Chongqing Weipu， China Biomedical Literature Database （CBM） and Pubmed. In addition， the selection of domestic peripheral menopausal syndrome model animals in recent years and the advantages and disadvantages of corresponding models were summarized. A total of 673 studies were identified， of which 61 were included in the analysis. The most common animal model of perimenopausal syndrome is castration model， while the immunodeficiency model is less used. With the aging of the population and the rapid increase of psychosocial stress， the incidence of perimenopausal syndrome is high. Therefore， it is particularly important to explore the mechanism of perimenopausal syndrome. According to the experimental purpose， experimental period， experimental technology and other factors， the selection of appropriate model animals and modeling methods is the key of the success of the experiment of perimenopausal syndrome.

Diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy in children based on microRNA sequencing technology / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between specific expression of serum micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in children.Methods:Sixteen children diagnosed with DCM in Pediatric Heart Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from November 2013 to March 2016 were enrolled in the DCM group.Meanwhile, 12 age- and gender-matched healthy children who underwent medical examinations at the same time in the same hospital were selected as the healthy control group.Their serum was collected and miRNA sequencing was performed.The sample size was expanded at the later stage (the DCM group included 30 cases, and the healthy control group included 16 cases). The real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) verification experiment was conducted on 11 miRNAs with statistically significant sequencing results.Results:Serum miRNA sequencing showed that 172 miRNAs were up-regulated but no miRNAs were down-regulated in the DCM group, compared with the healthy control group (fold change>2, P<0.001). Top 11 significantly up-regulated miRNAs were verified by qRT-PCR, and it was found that 8 of the 11 miRNAs (let-7f, let-7g, miR142-5p, miR143-3p, miR26a, miR27a-3p, miR27b-3p, and miR126-3p) in the DCM group were significantly up-regulated (all P<0.05). In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of DCM patients, the area under the curves of serum miR142-5p, miR143-3p, miR27b-3p, and miR126-3p were 0.983, 0.992, 0.915 and 0.950, respectively, which were statistically significantly different from those of the healthy control group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Four serum miRNAs (miR-142-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-143-3p and miR-27b-3p) can distinguish children with DCM from healthy children.Circulating miRNAs are effective in screening DCM children.

Mechanism of USP39 inhibiting radiation sensitivity of tumor cells / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To investigate the biological effects of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 39 (USP39) on the DNA damage response pathway of tumor cells. Methods: Tumor cells (293T, HeLa, U2OS, T47D) were cultured in DMEM medium or RPMI-1640 containing 100 mL/L FBS in a humidified atmosphere containing 50 mL/L CO2 at 37 ℃. The effect of knockdown of USP39 on the radiosensitivity of tumor cells was detected by MTS[3-(4,5-diethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-etrazolium, inner salt]. The efficiency of HR repair and NHEJ repair was detected by cytometry. The expression of DNA damage-responsive proteins by knockdown of USP39 was examined by Western blot. The proteins interacting with USP39 were detected by co-immunoprecipitation, protein purification and mass spectrometry, and then gene ontology analysis was performed. DNA damage was induced by micro-irradiation and its recruitment to DNA damage sites was detected by agonistic confocal microscopy. Results: Knockdown of USP39 resulted in increased radiosensitivity of tumor cells (P<0.05). Knockdown of USP39 inhibited homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining repair efficiency of tumor cells (P<0.05). Knockdown of USP39 promoted the expression of DNA damage response protein. USP39 aggregated to DNA damage sites; USP39 interacting proteins were involved in multiple signaling pathways associated with DNA damage response. Conclusion: USP39 plays an important role in the DNA damage response.

Atomization Characteristics of Baicalin， Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Caffeic Acid in Tanreqing Inhalation Solution / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of different angles of atomizer on the delivery rates and total delivery quantities of Tanreqing inhalation solution， so as to provide reference for the clinical use of this preparation. Method:Taking baicalin， ursodeoxycholic acid， caffeic acid as indexes， PARI Boy SX compression atomization inhaler （equipped with red core atomizing cup） and BRS2000 respiratory simulator were used， the effects of different angles of the atomizer （upper 15 degree， lower 15 degree， upper 30 degree， lower 30 degree， partial 15 degree， partial 30 degree， vertical） on the delivery rates and total delivery quantities of Tanreqing inhalation solution were investigated. The respiratory patterns of adults， children， infants and young children were selected to determine the delivery rates and total delivery quantities of three components in Tanreqing inhalation solution. Result:In the same atomization time， the delivery rates and the total delivery quantities of caffeic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid in Tanreqing inhalation solution were not significantly affected by the atomizer from different angles， but significantly affected baicalin. At the vertical angle， the delivery rate and total delivery quantity of baicalin were higher than the other angles. Under different respiratory modes， there were significant differences in the delivery rates and total delivery quantities of these three components in the inhalation solution. Compared with other respiratory modes， the delivery rates and total delivery quantities of baicalin， ursodeoxycholic acid and caffeic acid were the highest in the adult respiratory mode， with delivery rates of （555.5±16.61）， （226.3±6.54）， （26.1±0.32） μg·min-1 and total delivery quantities of （4 001.1±82.97）， （1 754.9±63.73）， （167.6±1.42） μg， respectively. Conclusion:The use angle of atomizer has a certain effect on the delivery rate and total delivery quantity of Tanreqing inhalation solution， so it is suggested that the vertical angle should be kept as far as possible in clinical use. Under the four respiratory patterns， the delivery rate and total delivery quantity of Tanreqing inhalation solution are different， suggesting that the atomization dose or atomization time should be adjusted according to the respiratory characteristics of the patients to ensure the safety and effectiveness of clinical medication.

Inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii excretory - secretory antigens on growth of murine Lewis lung carcinoma / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of Toxoplasma gondii excretory-secretory antigens (ESA) on CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T (Treg) cells in mice carrying Lewis lung carcinoma, and examine the inhibitory effect of T. gondii ESA on tumor growth. Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into the PBS group (n = 14) and the Lewis group (n = 34). Mice in the Lewis group were subcutaneously injected with 2 × 105 Lewis lung carcinoma cells in the right axilla, while animals in the PBS group were injected with the same volume of sterile PBS. On day 7 post-injection (D7), mice in the PBS group were further divided into the PBS2 group and the PBS2 + ESA group, of 7 mice in each group, and mice in the Lewis group were further divided into the Lewis2 group and the Lewis2 + ESA group, of 17 mice in each group. Then, mice in the PBS2 + ESA group and the Lewis2 + ESA group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 μL of ESA. The mouse spleen coefficient was calculated in each group 7 days post-injection with ESA, and the changes of Treg cell counts and the long-term tumor growth were measured in tumor-bearing mice. Results The spleen coefficient was significantly greater in the PBS2 + ESA group and the Lewis2 + ESA group than in the PBS2 (0.66% ± 0.09% vs. 0.30% ± 0.02%, P < 0.05) and Lewis2 groups (0.69% ± 0.07% vs. 0.33% ± 0.03%, P < 0.05) 7 days post-treatment with ESA, respectively, and the percentage of splenic Treg cells in splenocytes was significantly lower in the PBS2 + ESA group and the Lewis2 + ESA group than in the PBS2 (1.28% ± 0.14% vs. 2.06% ± 0.07%, P < 0.05) and Lewis2 groups (1.58% ± 0.14% vs. 2.44% ± 0.23%, P < 0.05), respectively. T. gondii ESA treatment caused a delay in tumor growth, and the tumor size was significantly smaller in the Lewis2 + ESA group than in the Lewis2 group (P < 0.05). Conclusion T. gondii ESA may reduce the proportion of splenic Treg cells in splenocytes and inhibit tumor growth in mice carrying Lewis lung carcinoma.

Inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii excretory - secretory antigens on growth of murine Lewis lung carcinoma / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of Toxoplasma gondii excretory-secretory antigens (ESA) on CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T (Treg) cells in mice carrying Lewis lung carcinoma, and examine the inhibitory effect of T. gondii ESA on tumor growth. Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into the PBS group (n = 14) and the Lewis group (n = 34). Mice in the Lewis group were subcutaneously injected with 2 × 105 Lewis lung carcinoma cells in the right axilla, while animals in the PBS group were injected with the same volume of sterile PBS. On day 7 post-injection (D7), mice in the PBS group were further divided into the PBS2 group and the PBS2 + ESA group, of 7 mice in each group, and mice in the Lewis group were further divided into the Lewis2 group and the Lewis2 + ESA group, of 17 mice in each group. Then, mice in the PBS2 + ESA group and the Lewis2 + ESA group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 μL of ESA. The mouse spleen coefficient was calculated in each group 7 days post-injection with ESA, and the changes of Treg cell counts and the long-term tumor growth were measured in tumor-bearing mice. Results The spleen coefficient was significantly greater in the PBS2 + ESA group and the Lewis2 + ESA group than in the PBS2 (0.66% ± 0.09% vs. 0.30% ± 0.02%, P < 0.05) and Lewis2 groups (0.69% ± 0.07% vs. 0.33% ± 0.03%, P < 0.05) 7 days post-treatment with ESA, respectively, and the percentage of splenic Treg cells in splenocytes was significantly lower in the PBS2 + ESA group and the Lewis2 + ESA group than in the PBS2 (1.28% ± 0.14% vs. 2.06% ± 0.07%, P < 0.05) and Lewis2 groups (1.58% ± 0.14% vs. 2.44% ± 0.23%, P < 0.05), respectively. T. gondii ESA treatment caused a delay in tumor growth, and the tumor size was significantly smaller in the Lewis2 + ESA group than in the Lewis2 group (P < 0.05). Conclusion T. gondii ESA may reduce the proportion of splenic Treg cells in splenocytes and inhibit tumor growth in mice carrying Lewis lung carcinoma.

Quality Control of Standard Decoction of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To establish a quality control method of standard decoction of Aurantti Fructus Immaturus(AFI),and to provide reference for quality evaluation of AFI dispensing granules and other related products of AFI. Method: A total of 16 batches of AFI pieces with different quality were collected from the market,including 13 batches of Citrus aurantium and 3 batches of C. sinensis,and the standard decoction of AFI was prepared according to the standard decoction process.Transfer rate of synephrine,dry extract rate and others of the standard decoction were regarded as evaluation indicators and relative assessment are conducted. Result: Transfer rates of synephrine in 13 batches of standard decoction of AFI(C. aurantium) were ranged from 35.7% to 92.7% with the average value was 61.9%;dry extract rates were varied from 20.7% to 43.8% and the average value was 28.4%;pH values were 4.48-5.32 with the average value was 4.99;the HPLC fingerprint similarities were >0.9 by comparing with the corresponding control fingerprint,6 common peaks were found and 3 of them were identified as naringin,hesperidin and neohesperidin.Transfer rates of synephrine in 3 batches of standard decoction of AFI(C. sinensis) were changed from 53.1% to 84.4%,and the average value was 73.2%;dry extract rates were shifted from 13.8% to 17.6% and the average value was 15.4%;pH values were 4.77-5.38 with the average value was 5.06;the HPLC fingerprint similarities were >0.9 by comparing with the corresponding control fingerprint,2 common peaks were found and one of them were identified as hesperidin. Conclusion: From the HPLC fingerprint of standard decoction of AFI,we can easily understand that the number of peaks in C. aurantium is obviously more than that of C. sinensis.This method has good precision,reproducibility and stability,it is suitable for quality evaluation for related products of AFI.Simultaneously,the research provides a good reference for identifying sources of AFI.

Discussion and research progress in standard decoction of medicinal slices / 中国中药杂志

Standard decoction of medicinal slices has gradually acquired the height of researcher,government and enterprise for approval. And much consensus are increasingly reached. But there are lots of problem needing further discussing.This article summaries the published literature about standard decoction of medicinal slices in recent 3 years. And clarifies the origin of standard decoction of medicinal slices,explain the definition. The study status of standard decoction was reviewed and further analyzed in detail. And then the application fields of standard decoction of medicinal slices are listed. Combined with the research examples of groups,the problem in the study of standard decoction of medicinal slices was discussed. And relevant suggestions are put forward. All this is expected to provide reference in standard decoction research,the quality criterion o of formula granule and study of classical traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) excellent prescriptions.

Exploration of objective quality evaluation parameter of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces / 中国中药杂志

To establish a quality constant evaluation system of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces,in order to provide reference for regulating the market circulation of this decoction pieces. A total of 18 batches of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces were collected from different pharmaceutical factories,and the morphological parameters of each sample were tested. The content of alisol B 23-acetate in Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces was determined by HPLC in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia,and the parameters such as quality constant and relative quality constant were calculated. The quality constant range of 18 batches of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces was 0. 390-2. 076. If 18 batches of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces were divided into 3 grades,taking 80% of the maximum quality constant as first grade,50% to 80% as second grade,and the rest as third grade,then the quality constant of firstgrade samples was ≥1. 66,the quality constant of second-grade samples was ≥1. 04 and <1. 66,and the quality constant of third-grade samples was <1. 04. The established quality constant evaluation method is objective and feasible,which can be used to classify the grade of Alismatis Rhizoma decoction pieces and provide a reference method to control the quality of this decoction pieces.

Research on grades evaluation of Glycyrrizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle based on Chinese medicine quality constant / 中国中药杂志

Grade of Chinese medicine slices is the most clear and most direct way to characterize the quality of Chinese medicine slices,also the basis of realizing " good quality and good prices",and it can guarantee the industry health development. Therefore,grade evaluation of Chinese medicine slices( GECMS) is highly valued and has grown rapidly in the industry. In recent years,due to the comprehensive and measureable features,the Chinese medicine quality constant evaluation method has been gradually recognized and applied.The paper is to establish a method of grades evaluation of Glycyrrizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle( GRRPCM) based on the Chinese medicine quality constant. 20 batches of samples were collected from Chinese herbal slices enterprises and 14 batches of qualified samples were selected to determine their external morphological indexes and inner quality indexes,then their Chinese medicine quality constants were calculated and the grades were determined. The results revealed that the relative quality constant of these samples ranged from 0. 70 to 14. 08,with a percentage quality constant from 4. 95 to 100. 00. If these samples were divided into three grades: the relative quality constant shall be ≥11. 27 or percentage quality constant ≥80. 03 for the first grade; the relative quality constant shall be <11. 27 but ≥7. 04,or percentage quality constant <80. 03 and ≥49. 99 for the second grade; while for the third grade,the relative quality constant shall be <7. 04 or the percentage quality constant <49. 99. This research indicates that Chinese quality constant can be used to objectively grade the herbal slices,providing reference for grades standard development of complex processing slices. In addition,the connotation of GECMS that has evaluate the mass discrepancy is discussed for expanding application.

Grading of Gastrodia elata pieces based on quality constant / 中国中药杂志

The grade of Gastrodia elata pieces is evaluated by quality constant evaluation method.Fifteen batches of G. elata pieces collected were measured for their appearance and morphological indexes. The contents of gastrodin,p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol,barrisoside A,B and E were taken as index components for the content determination. The traditional grading standards were combined with modern quality control indicators,and the quality constants were calculated to grade the pieces.The results showed that the quality constants of 15 batches of G. elata ranged between 143. 3 and 1 027. 3. If the percentage mass constant( ≥80%) was the first grade,the percentage mass constant between 50%-80% indicated the second grade,and the remaining percentage mass constant indicated the third grade. The quality constant of the first gradepieces was sality,that of the second grade pieces ranged between 513. 0-821. 0,and that of the third grade pieces was <513. 0. On the basis of the study for the grading method of quality constants,and the natural morphology and cutting characteristics of the pieces,a grading model for the quality constants of the pieces cut along texture was established,which made the method scientific,rational as well as " personalized". The model method is applied in grading G. elata pieces,so as to specify the grading method,further enrich the study data of the grading evaluation of G. elata pieces and provide a useful reference for the grading evaluation of G. elata pieces. Meanwhile,the grading method of mass constants could be further applied and promoted to prove its rationality,scientificity and practicability.